Although Freud's theories gave him many followers, some individuals did not agree with some aspects of his theories. These individuals decided to branch away from Freud and went on to form their own theories about personality and psychology.
Jung: Jung believed in the collective unconscious, which which contained a common reservoir of images derived from our species past. This is why many cultures share certain myths and images such as the mother being a symbol of nurture. The MMPI was eventually developed based on his theories of the human psyche, dreams, and the collective unconscious.
Horney: believed in the social aspects of childhood growth and development. She countered Freud's assumption that women have weak superegos and suffer from "penis envy" by saying that men had "womb envy".
Adler: believed in childhood tensions. He believed that these tensions were social rather than sexual. His theory states that a child struggles with an inferiority complex during growth and strives for superiority and power.
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