Econ Notes: Monetary Policy

Uses of Money
  1. Medium of Exchange (trading or bartering)
  2. Unit of Account
  3. Store of Value
Types of Money
  1. Commodity Money: gets its money from the type of material it is made
    • ex: gold or silver coins
  2. Representative Money: paper money backed by something tangible
  3. Fiat Money: money because the government says so
    • type of money US uses
Characteristics of Money
  1. Durability: money is able to hold up, withstand, last throughout transactions
  2. Portability: move it from place to place
  3. Divisibility: money can be broken down into smaller units
  4. Uniformity: each monetary unit must be identical
  5. Scarcity
  6. Acceptability
M1 Money
-75% of US money
-more liquid
  1. Currency (cash and coins)
  2. Checkable Deposits or Demand Deposits (checking accounts)
  3. Traveler's Checks
M2 Money
-25% of US money
  1. Savings Account
  2. Money Market Account
  3. Certificate Deposits (CD): deposits held by banks outside of the US
  4. M1 Money
Balance Sheet of a Commercial Bank

assets = liabilities + net worth
assets: what you own
liabilities: what you owe

-Bank deposits are subject to a reserved requirement. Banks cannot keep all of their reserve and must give some back
Reserve Ratio = Commercial Bank's Required Reserves / Commercial Bank's Checkable-Deposit Liabilities

Important Issues
  1. Excess Reserves = Actual Reserves - Required Reserves 
  2. Control of Lending Ability
Banks create money by lending excess reserves and destroy it by loan repayment. Purchasing bonds from the public also creates money

Monetary Multiplier = 1 / Required Reserve Ratio
Maximum Checkable-Deposit Creation = Excess Reserves x Monetary Multiplier

1 comment:

  1. It is an awesome blog, with the colors and customizations. However i would do some changes
    1. M2 money is not 25% of U.S. money, it is 25% of liquid money in U.S.
    2. As it was shown in the earlier videos, commodity money is basically barter or a commodity that serves the porpose of money, while it is representative money which is backed by gold and silver as it "represents" the valuse of a currency based on those metals.
    All in all, it a great blog though

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