Psychology can be looked at through many different perspectives, as it is not something that can be clearly defined in black and white. Each perspective emphasizes different approaches to explaining human behavior. The seven basic perspectives are biological, behavioral, cognitive thinking, evolutionary, humanistic, sociocultural, and psychoanalytical/psychodynamic.
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| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
- Biological: interaction between anatomy and behavior
- This may include the genetics, the brain, the endocrine system and other factors of anatomy that affect behavior and personality.
- One example would be how damage to the cerebellum could result in poor motor skills.
- (Click here for the trait perspective on personality)
- Behavioral: behavior determined by environmental and experiences
- everything is trained and learned
- for example: fear of spiders
- Key people: Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
- Cognitive Thinking: focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem solving, language and decision-making
- Ex: attention and memory
- Evolutionary: how adaptive behavior helps our survival
- mental processes exist because they serve an evolutionary purpose – they aid in survival and reproduction
- Key People: Charles Darwin
- Humanistic: emphasizes the role of motivation on thought and behavior
- Maslow's Hierarchy
- Key people: Maslow and Carl Rogers
- (Click here for the humanistic perspective on personality)
- Sociocultural: says that much of your behaviors and your feelings are dictated by the culture you live in
- Psychoanalytical/Psychodynamic: the interaction between th econscious and unconscious shape behavior
- ex: a man cannot for relationships because of child abuse.
- (Click here for the psychoanalytical perspective on personality)
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